A heartfelt thank you:

to Alice Twemlow, Andrea Codrington Lippke, and Peter Hall for guiding this thesis since its conception and to D-Crit faculty members Adam Harrison Levy, Meredith TenHoor, Paola Antonelli, Russell Flinchum, and Steven Heller for inspiring the ideas behind this thesis through informal discussions;

to Andrew Byrom for advising on my subject from Los Angeles. I am grateful for his expertise and enthusiasm;

to Amandine Alessandra, Andy Clymer, Kalle Mattsson, Mirko Ilić, Nicolas Kunz, Rachel Mays, and Warren Lehrer for their work and knowledge that spoke to my subject matter as well as their generosity to answer my interview questions;

to Barbara Eldredge, Daniel Niven, Katya Mevzibovskaya, Misty McMillion, Phillip Alswin-Tobias, and Victor de la Cruz for their excellent collaborative performance at Occupy with Type last December. I couldn’t have done it without their volunteering;

to Andrew Kim, Mayo Nissen, Michael Silverberg, Natasha Lai, and Tara Gupta for their meticulous editing and insightful comments;

to my family for their gracious support and confidence in me to pursue my ambitions so far away from home;

to my friends for cheerleading as I completed this thesis and especially to Andrey Chepusov for his patience and encouragement;

and finally, to my dearest D-Crit classmates for the group pow-wow sessions, pep talks, and endless amounts of support. I am so glad to have shared the last two years with these nine talented individuals.[1]